Industrial ceramics are mainly composed of non-metallic compounds such as metal oxides (e.g., Al₂O₃, ZrO₂), nitrides (e.g., Si₃N₄), and carbides (e.g., SiC). Their performance characteristics are as follows:
High Hardness and Wear Resistance: Industrial ceramics typically have higher hardness than metallic materials. For example, alumina ceramics have a Mohs hardness of 9 (second only to diamond), making them suitable for high-wear environments.
High Temperature Resistance: They can withstand temperatures above 1000°C. For example, silicon carbide ceramics remain stable at 1600°C and are commonly used in aero-engine components.
Chemical Inertness: They exhibit strong resistance to corrosive media such as acids, alkalis, and salts. For example, zirconia ceramics can still be used for a long time in strong acid environments.
Insulation and Dielectric Properties: Alumina and aluminum nitride are excellent insulating materials, widely used in electronic substrates and packaging.
Lightweight: Their density is only 1/3 to 1/2 that of metals, reducing equipment weight and improving energy efficiency.